Turning the asymmetry around: Tactical principles of warfare in the cyber domain

Abstract

This paper analyzes the applicability of five of the essential tactical principles in the logical layer of the cyber domain by cross-referencing them to four different technological elements. The viewpoint chosen here is that of offensive cyber operations. By analyzing the different combinations of technological and tactical principles, the aim is to identify new insights about changes in the tactical principles, and limitations and new opportunities arising from the technological elements. It is argued that the current direction of the asymmetry in cyberspace is not due to the properties of cyberspace itself, but due to the multiplier effect cyberspace imposes on defender and attacker skill levels and resources.