Low-Cost CSRR Sensor for Determination of Glucose Concentration

Abstract

Objectives: In this work, we have proposed a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) based microwave planar sensor for the determination of glucose concentration in aqueous solutions. Methods: A triple-ring microwave planar resonator sensor has been designed using the HFSS software to detect glucose concentration in aqueous samples. The sensor is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz of the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band and is used to extract the transmission coefficient when samples under test are placed over it. The sensor is simple in design and proposed to be made out of low-cost FR4 material. Findings: The sensor is found to deliver high sensitivity (0.125 MHz/mg/dL) and is capable of distinguishing minor changes in glucose concentration through the detection of changes in the resonant frequency of the sensor with the permittivity of the test solution. Also, it is found that by developing a fit equation from the values of transmission coefficient (S21), we can determine the dielectric constant of an unknown glucose sample, the accuracy of which is justified by its coefficient of determination, i.e., the R2 value. Novelty: A novel triple-ring Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) with high sensitivity is proposed which requires a very small volume (around 38 μ ), which is an advantage over a commercial probe. Keywords: Complementary Split Ring Resonator, Microwave sensor, Permittivity, Glucose concentration, Transmission coefficient