Monitoring of economic development within the bounds of underground water intake protective sanitary zone territory (by the example of tomsk underground water intake line)

Abstract

Relevance. Sanitary protection zones of underground water intakes are established to protect the groundwater of operational aquifers from various types of pollution for the estimated depreciation period of its operation. After this period or with a significant change in the intensity of water withdrawal, reassessment of reserves and, if necessary, correction of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zones are carried out. Based on the project documentation for the sanitary protection zones of sources of underground drinking water supply, they are entered into the State Register of Real Estate, and the determined settlement boundaries are coordinated with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. Despite the fact that water intake is a strategically important object, the need to take into account the borders in the register appeared only in relation to the entry into force of the Federal Law No. 221-FZ in 2007. Currently, for all types of zones with special conditions for the use of the territory, the deadline for entering the required information in the State Register of Real Estate is January 1, 2022. Thus, from the moment of calculating the boundaries of the Sanitary protection zones to their establishment and introduction of information, a long period of time passes, during which the anthropogenic load can often change (the area of settlements increases, new engineering infrastructure objects appear) in areas with limited land use. In this regard, it is necessary to organize monitoring of economic activities within the Sanitary protection zones of underground water intakes. In such areas, it is necessary to assess and predict changes in the components of the natural environment under the influence of anthropogenic pressure in order to obtain reliable information about the state of the land and how to ensure rational land use. The aim of the research is to reveal the possibilities of monitoring the dynamics of economic development of the territory within the sanitary protection zones of the first stage of the Tomsk underground water intake. Methods: cartometric research based on geo-information technologies, statistical and correlation and regression analyzes, geoinformation analysis, landscape analysis method. Results. The article presents the results of studies of the dynamics and nature of changes in the anthropogenic load within the sanitary protection zone of the central part of the first stage of the Tomsk underground water intake. The basis of the actual material is the data of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography of the Tomsk Region, the spatial data banks of Esri maps internetresource, which form the basis of a cartometric analysis of forest areas and borders of residential areas. The authors revealed the trends in the area of various types of landscapes and the boundaries of settlements within the study area. Landscapes of this territory are subject to changes in the development of land use and water use. Residential load in 2018 is relatively small, its increase occurs mainly due to individual housing and country house construction, and not multi-storey buildings. The authors estimated the current population size, forecasted its change for the near future and revealed the increase in residential areas in individual settlements. Conclusions. It was established that within the third belt of the sanitary protection zones of the first line of the Tomsk underground water intake and on the adjacent territory, the anthropogenic load on the environment significantly increased during the period under study due to the growth in the area of settlements. The increase was due to the development of sites for individual housing construction, which may lead to pollution of aquifers due to improperly equipped individual drainage systems. It is shown that near the existing border of the sanitary protection zones, multi-storey buildings are actively being conducted, which can generally have a negative impact on the state of individual landscape elements, including groundwater. Thus, on the example of the Tomsk underground water intake, the main conclusion was drawn that it is necessary to organize and conduct monitoring of the economic development of the territory within the zones of sanitary protection of underground water intakes. It is required to adjust the procedural issues of entering information into the State Register of Real Estate in brief.