A simple adjoint method of wind analysis for single-Doppler data

Abstract

The method assumes the Lagrangian conservation of reflectivity. The method is tested on artificial data and the results show that using data over multiple time levels not only provides more information and increases the accuracy of the retrieveal but also makes the method less sensitive to erosion the observed reflectivity field and errors in the model equation due to the assumed Lagrangian conservation of reflectivity. Because the control equation and its adjoint equation are very simple, the computational cost is very small. It is also found that incorporating the constraint of mass conservation into the method can significantly increase the accuracy of the retrieved winds and reduce the required frequency of observations for retrieving. -from Authors