Hofstede’s VSM-94 revisited: Is it reliable and valid?

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to investigate the metric properties of the Hofstede Value Survey Module-94 (VSM-94). The questionnaire was evaluated against criteria for test construction. The VSM-94 consisting of 20 items was administered to 231 female managers in a large telecommunications organisation. The inter-correlations of the item scores were empirically investigated. Anti-image inter-correlations were executed on the 20 item-scores. Items with low measures of sampling adequacy (MSA) were omitted and a factor analysis and an anti-image intercorrelation conducted on the remaining eight items. Uniformly item-response distributions and low item intercorrelations resulted in poor reliability coefficients on the final factors, which suggests that the VSM-94 is probably not suitable for use in the South African context. Opsomming Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die metriese eienskappe van die Hofstede Value Survey Module–94 (VSM-94) te ondersoek. The vraelys is teen kriteria vir toetskonstruksie geëvalueer. Die VSM-94 bestaande uit 20 items, is toegepas op 231 vroulike bestuurders in ‘n groot telekommunikasie- organisasie. Die interkorrelasies van itemtellings is empiries ondersoek. Teenbeeld interkorrelasies is op die 20 item-tellings uitgevoer. Items met lae maatstawwe van steekproeftoereikendheid (MSA) is uitgeskakel en ‘n faktorontleding en teenbeeld interkorrelasie is uitgevoer op die oorblywende agt items. Eenvormige item-responsverdelings en lae item-interkorrelasies het swak betroubaarheidskoëffisiënte op die finale faktore tot gevolg wat suggereer dat die VSM-94 waarskynlik nie geskik is vir gebruik in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks nie.