Angioid streaks: I. Ophthalmoscopic variations and diagnostic problems

Abstract

Fifty-six patients with angioid streaks were evaluated ophthalmologically. Most had repeated fundus photography and fluorescein angiography during a follow-up period of 6 months to 7 years. The ophthalmoscopic variations and diagnostic difficulties which occurred were noted. In most instances, the angioid streaks were not initially recognized and the patient was referred with another diagnosis. In several cases, the peripapillary, macular, and peripheral changes seen with angioid streaks were found to simulate other better known fundus conditions, resulting in erroneous diagnosis and improper treatment. In some cases, the angioid streaks were so subtle that they were overlooked and in others they were observed, but initially interpreted as something else. Because of the medical significance of angioid streaks, ophthalmologists should be aware of their variable features. These are discussed, with emphasis upon those subtleties which differentiate angioid streaks from other conditions which they may simulate. On the basis of these observations, an ophthalmoscopic differential diagnosis of angioid streaks is proposed.