Desnutrição e excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes: Uma revisão de estudos brasileiros

Abstract

Objective: To review the Brazilian literature addressing the prevalence and factors associated with height deficit and overweight in children and adolescents aged five to 19 years-old. Data source: The search was carried out in the PubMed and Bireme databases using the following descriptors: "malnutrition", "height deficit", "obesity", "overweight", "BMI", "children", "student", "adolescent" and "Brazil". The following inclusion criteria were adopted: population-based original paper; evaluation of associated factors with statistical regression analysis; and articles that were published from 2000 to 2010. Synthesis of data: Only two studies met the established criteria concerning height deficit, and the frequency varied from 3.5 to 16.7%; the social status and the education appear as associated factors. Of the 12 studies investigating overweight, 67% were conducted in Southern Brazil, and none included the North of the country. Most were crosssectional studies. The prevalence varied from 13.9 to 38.9% and the main associated factors were socioeconomic level, family influence, and sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions: The association of income and educational level with both height deficit and overweight, even though with opposite trends, draws attention. Further studies, especially in the North and Northeast of Brazil, are suggested.