Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment in paraplegic patients with bladder stones

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury patients are at increased risk of developing urolithiasis and many will require treatment, most commonly with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Methods: We examined 20 consecutive spinal cord injury patients (all male) undergoing ESWL for the treatment of bladder stones between April 1992 and May 2000. The mean number of shock waves administered in these 20 patients was 3600 and the shock power was 19 kW/s. All patients were treated without anesthesia. After ESWL, the bladder was irrigated with povidone iodine solution and stone fragments were evacuated through a 22F endoscopic sheath. Results: All patients became stone-free after ESWL. Stone fragments were observed in the urethra of 3 patients, which were removed by urethroscopy. No major complication was observed; however, 5 patients had minor hematuria (which subsided within 24 h) and subfebrile fever (37.2-37.58°C). Conclusion: ESWL and transurethral bladder irrigation is a safe, effective and simple modality for the treatment of bladder stones in spinal cord injury patients.