Determination of total hardness of water sample by titration using double burette method: an economical approach

Abstract

Titration is one of the most prevalent methods practice in almost all laboratories. Worldwide every curriculum for science and engineering undergraduate students has titrations included in their laboratory sessions. However, there are few drawbacks associated with it when it comes to chemical discharge and cost due to excess consumption of titrants, titrand and related chemicals during titration. Further, the method is an exhaustive time consuming process. In present study, conventional titration method using single burette used for determination of total hardness of water has been explored in different perspective by adopting a double burette method approach. Based on a comparative laboratory study it was found that a double burette method is not only safer and faster but also relatively more economical.