Cytotoxic Activity Assay of N-Hexane Extract of Solanum nigrum L. Fruits Fermented by Kombucha against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Anticancer drugs therapy cause unwanted side effects problems that occur when treatment affects healthy tissues or organs. It is quite essential to find potential herbal as alternative cancer treatments. Glycoalkaloid (β2-solanin), solamargin, solasodine, dan solasonin of Solanum nigrum L. are potentially inhibit proliferation of leukemia and tumor cell: hepatic, intestinal, breast and cervic. On the other hand, kombucha as symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) has ability to increase activity of substrate by fermentation process. Objective: To determine cytotoxicity activity of n-hexane fruits extract of Solanum nigrum L. against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line after fermented by kombucha. Method: n-hexane fruits extract of Solanum nigrum L. was fermented for eight days at 25 °C with 20% of combucha and addition of 20% of sucrose. Citotoxic activity was performed by using MTT(3-(4,5-dimethyltiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Phytochemical of n-hexane extract was analyzed by GC-MS. Total acid and total phenol were characterized quantitatively. Results: IC50 of n-hexane fruits extract and fermentation product were 544,30 ppm and 1386,39 ppm, respectively. Flavonoids and steroids were identified from the extract and GC-MS shown seven compounds have been extracted from n-hexane fraction. Conclusion: condition of kombucha fermentation required optimization to improve cytotoxic activity of n-hexane fruits extract of Solanum nigrum L. against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.