Genetic reconsideration of the Nova Iguaçu Volcano model, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Eruptive origin or subvolcanic intrusion?

Abstract

This paper re-examines the geologic structures that were considered to be of eruptive origin of the Mendanha Alkaline Complex, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The valley interpreted to be a crater is not underlain by pyroclastic agglomerate, hut by massive trachyte. The alluvial deposit on this valley is a few meters thick and composed of regolilic materials. The talus deposit of large boulders suggestive of crater wall collapse is not observed. No morphologic elevation indicative of volcanic cone is found. The outcrops around the supposed crater show no volcanic stratification. The valley is not considered to be a volcanic crater but a landform resulted from erosion. The most abundant trachyte of this area is cut by the alkali syenite, and therefore, cannot be the lava flow that covers the syenite. The trachyte takes place up to the top of the massif, 600 m above the supposed crater. The columnar joints are originated from dikes, and the bread crust-like structure is attributed to weathering. These observations indicate that the trachyte is not constituent of lava flows, but of subvolcanic bodies. The authors conclude that the volcanic rocks in question are not constituent of volcanic edifice, but of subvolcanic vent-filling tuff breccia, and the hypothesis of the Nova Iguaçu Volcano is implausible.