A growth model for black ice, snow ice and snow thickness in subarctic basins.

Abstract

A model for the growth of ice thickness in autumn and winter is presented. The results are sensitive to the assumed density of freshly fallen snow and the formulation of snow metamorphism. Comparisons between observations and model calculations are given. The agreement is moderate and the need for field work on snow on ice is recognized. A discussion is given on the maximum annual ice thickness under varying external conditions. -from Author