Dynamics of inter-particle spacing, nanoparticle radius, inclined magnetic field and nonlinear thermal radiation on the water-based copper nanofluid flow past a convectively heated stretching surface with mass flux condition: A strong suction case

Abstract

Scientists and researchers have recently been very interested in copper nanoparticles due to their potential modern uses, such as high temperature superconductors, gas sensors, catalytic processes, and solar cells, as well as their usage in wound dressings and biocidal properties. Therefore, in this analysis, the authors have investigated the applications of an inclined magnetic field, radius of nanoparticles, nonlinear thermal radiation, and inter-particle spacing on the two-dimensional flow of an electrically conducting water-based copper nanofluid over a stretching surface using a porous medium. Furthermore, the effects of chemical reaction, exponential heating, thermophoresis and Brownian motion are also taken into account. The nanofluid flow is considered under strong suction, convective, and mass flux conditions. The present model is solved by means of HAM. Convergence of HAM is shown with the help of Figure. The current findings are contrasted with previously reported findings to confirm that the current model is accurate. The outcomes of this study showed that the surface drag gets higher with the increasing angle of inclination. A maximum impact of angle of inclination on the surface drag is found, when α = π/2. Also, it is found that the impact of angle of inclination is greater when the inter-particle spacing is small. While on the other hand, exploring the role of radius of nanoparticle, a higher impact is found when radius of nanoparticle is higher. The velocity profiles are highly affected by the embedded parameters when the inter-particle spacing is small as compared to large inter-particle spacing. The temperature profiles are highly affected by the embedded parameters in the case of nonlinear thermal radiation as compared to linear thermal radiation.