Unilateral recession-resection in children with exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type

Abstract

Purpose: The surgical success rates for intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type have been reported to be variable, and most were studied retrospectively in adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the long-term surgical results of unilateral lateral rectus (LR) muscle recession and medial rectus (MR) muscle resection in children with intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type. Methods: A total of 14 children with intermittent exotropia greater at near than at distance by 10 prism diopters (PD) or more were included in this prospective study. The amounts of resection and recession were based on near and distance deviation, respectively. Minimum follow-up was 1 year (mean 26.6 months; range, 12-68 months) after surgery. The paired t-test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative measurements of the angle of deviation at distance and near, near-distance difference. Results: Significant postoperative reduction was achieved in terms of mean distance exodeviation, from 22.5PD to 9.1PD (P=0.000), and mean near exodeviation from 33.8PD to 13.6PD (P=0.000). Mean near-distance difference reduced from 11.3PD preoperatively to 4.6PD postoperatively (P=0.000). Fresnel prism was used temporarily to treat postoperative esotropia in only one patient for postoperative 6 months. Conclusions: Unilateral surgery biased to MR strengthening more than LR weakening in children with intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type, was found to successfully reduce both distance and near deviation and to collapse near-distance differences with a low risk of long-term postoperative esotropia.