Biorefineries-their scenarios and challenges

Abstract

Since crude oil and biomass differ in various properties, new primary fractionation methods of biomass, secondary conversion pathways and processes have to be developed. Biorefineries combine the necessary technologies of the biogenic raw materials with those of intermediates and final products. The chemical industry is experiencing a fundamental shift as cost competitive biobased platform chemicals become a commercial reality. The paper is focused on lignocellulosic feedstock and green biomass biorefinery concepts, which are favored in research, development and industrial implementation. The production of aromatic platform chemicals, such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and derivatives as well as aliphatic platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and formic acid is described. Futhermore, functional products, such as proteins and biotechnological produced platform chemicals are considered. © 2014 IUPAC & De Gruyter.