Age-related blood flow and capillary changes in the rat utricular macula: A quantitative stereological and microsphere study

Abstract

Vascular change may contribute to age-related vestibular dysfunction. Previously, we reported a significant age-related decrease in blood flow (BF) and mean capillary diameter (Dcap) in the rat posterior canal crista. The purpose of this study was to examine an otolith organ, the utricle, for similar changes. Old male Fischer 344 rats (O; 28-31 mos) were anesthetized, and the left cardiac ventricle was transcutaneously injected with radioactive microspheres to determine BF. The temporal bones were removed, fixed, and decalcified. The utricles were dissected free and placed into a gamma counter with the reference samples. The specimens were then plastic embedded and serially sectioned at 1 μm according to the vertical section technique. Microsphere surface counts were made and neuroepithelial BF calculated. A systematic random set of sections was sampled and analyzed using stereological techniques for estimates of Dcap, capillary surface area/unit volume (Sv,cap), capillary length/unit volume (Lv,cap), and volume of utricular neuroepithelium (Vut). Using these data, total capillary surface (Scap) and total length (Lcap) were calculated. Statistical comparisons were made with data from our previous study of young animals (Y; 3-6 mos). Results indicate a significant age-related decrease in BF (Y = 0.125 μL/min, 0 = 0.062 μL/min; P = 0.003), D cap (Y = 5.95 μ, O = 4.57 μm; P = 0.0002), Sv,cap (Y = 12.33 mm2/mm3, O = 9.87 mm2/mm 3, P = 0.016), Scap (Y = 0.178 mm2, O = 0.129 mm2; P = 0.01), and Vut (Y = 0.014 mm3, O = 0.013 mm3; P = 0.04) with no significant change in Lv,cap (Y = 655 mm/mm3, O = 686 mm/mm3, P = 0.41) or L cap (Y = 9.47 mm, O = 8.96 mm; P = 0.49). These age-related vascular changes are likely to have a significant impact on utricular physiological and thus, dysequilibrium.