Consentimiento informado. Percepción de médicos, enfermeras y padres sobre el proceso comunicativo

Abstract

Current Medical Ethics are based on a model that emphasizes doctor-patient shared decision-making process. Its utmost expression is through the doctrine of informed consent (IC). In this environment there is little empirical data regarding the use of IC among adult patients, and even less in Pediatrics. Objectives: 1) Explore parents' perceptions of their rights, duties, and exercise of autonomy through an evaluation of their expectations of the communication process of IC; 2) Describe common practices and experiences of physicians and nurses as they request IC to parents of hospitalized children. Method and Sampling: Descriptive, exploratory study in three subject groups: a) patient guardians; b) pediatricians; c) physicians and nurses. A common questionnaire was adapted for each group, utilizing open and closed questions, exploring subjects' perceptions of experiences and expectations. Open questions were evaluated for common themes by 2 independent judges. Results: 100% of professionals agreed that guardians should be informed of the medical situation of the patient. However, less than half of guardians felt they had received information continuously, showing a gap in desired information and communication difficulties. No guardian mentioned the possibility of participating in medical decision-making. Conclusions: Results allow a data-based discussion regarding professional practices and patient preferences. New challenges arise for health care teams to improve the process of IC incorporating the needs of patients and professionals.