Breath-by-Breath Measurement of Respiratory Frequency and Tidal Volume with a Multiple-Camera Motion Capture System During Cycling Incremental Exercise

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of a 32-marker motion capture (MoCap) system in estimating respiratory frequency ((Formula presented.)) and tidal volume ((Formula presented.)) during cycling exercise. Fourteen well-trained cyclists performed an incremental step test on a cycle ergometer, while simultaneously recording a raw flow signal with a reference metabolic cart (COSMED) and respiratory-induced torso movements with twelve optoelectronic cameras registering the position of 32 markers affixed to the torso. (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) were calculated from both systems on a breath-by-breath basis. The MoCap system showed a strong correlation with the COSMED system when measuring (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) ((Formula presented.) = 0.99, (Formula presented.) = 0.87, respectively) during exercise. For (Formula presented.), the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were 0.79 breaths/min and 2.1%, respectively. For (Formula presented.), MoCap consistently underestimated values compared to COSMED, showing a bias (MOD ± LOA) of −0.11 ± 0.42 L and MAPE values of 8%. These findings highlight the system’s capabilities for real-time respiratory monitoring in athletic environments.