Nitrate Removal.

Abstract

Although agricultural measures are the most preferable solution to reduce nitrate concentrations in drinking waters, the reduction of nitrate concentration by other means is also of importance. Therefore hydraulic means on the one side and water treatment processes on the other are discussed in some detail in this paper. Mixing and blending has been the most favored solution in more than 90% of all water works having high nitrate concentrations. The water from the upper layer has the highest nitrate concentration, and this water should not be used as drinking water but for irrigation or other purposes. Various processes of nitrate removal by treatment are described, including membrane processes, ion exchange processes and biological nitrate removal.