Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Abstract

Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common hospital-acquired infection, with an incidence of 5-15 per 1000 hospital admissions. The incidence is higher in Intensive Care Units, where it accounts for approximately 30% of all hospital-acquired infections and is accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. It is particularly associated with mechanical ventilation, where it prolongs the duration of mechanical ventilation required and the length of ICU stay. Mortality in patients with HAP ranges from 20-50%. This is increased to approximately 75% in cases caused by multi-drug resistant organisms.