Observed evolution of a California Undercurrent eddy

Abstract

A California Undercurrent eddy (Cuddy) was repeatedly surveyed using multiple Seagliders for over threemonths. Found and tracked off of the Washington-Vancouver Island coasts, this Cuddy traveled over 400 km, remaining between the 1000- and 2000-m isobaths, as it was swept along in poleward flow of the California Current System. Three Seagliders made repeat bisecting transects of the Cuddy core capturing its detailed three-dimensional structure in time. Its evolution was analyzed through comparison of 11 independent Cuddy ''snapshots.''Atwo dimensionalGaussianmodel fit to the geopotential anomaly field for each snapshot allowed computation of dynamic fields inaccessible in Seaglider profiles alone. Results indicate that the Cuddy decayed as its core waters became less isolated over time: Cuddy total mechanical energy (kinetic 1 potential), salt content, and the magnitude of the core potential vorticity anomaly decreased. Core spice and dissolved oxygen variance increased tenfold, and thermohaline fine structure, suggestive of lateral intrusions, was observed progressively closer to the eddy core. The estimated gradientwind balanced velocity field similarly weakened as the Rossby number decreased to 0.32 from an initial value of 0.48. The observed changes in eddy properties occurred as the Cuddy was exposed to changes in the background stratification and Coriolis parameter as it translated alongshore. Idealized modeling of eddy adjustment indicates that both erosion and changing background conditions are required to explain the observed eddy changes.Adjustment in response to both effects simultaneously leads to changes in eddy properties qualitatively consistent with those observed.