Prevalencia de agentes etiológicos de meningitis bacteriana en población adulta en el Hospital San Martín de Quillota entre los años 2012-2018

Abstract

Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is denifed as the inflammation of leptomeninges due to the presence of pyogenic bacteriae. Epidemiology is variable and multifactorial. In spite of advance in medicine, ABM's mortality has remained stable, hence the need to study the causative microorganisms in order to guide prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the etiological agents of ABM confirmed in adults in a medium complexity hospital located in Quillota, Chile, between 2012 and 2018, to establish the rate of resistance of these to antibiotics. Determine the profile of the patients and establish the relationship between profile, etiological agent identified and outcome. Methods: A sample of 38 cases with ABM was evaluated during, the prevalence of the pathogens involved was established and a statistical analysis was carried out considering the risk factors of patients, their days of in-hospital stay and their condition at hospital discharge. Results: We analyzed 38 cases, 15 without isolated pathogens, 13 of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 of Haemophilus spp., 3 of Neisseria meningitidis, 2 of Staphylococcus spp. and we obtained one case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the group without isolated pathogens, a better prognosis was observed, lower blood CRP values and higher glucose on spinal fluid values. 6 deaths per ABM were recorded. Conclusion: The prevalence of etiological agents was similar to that described in the literature, with pneumococcus as the most frequent microorganism, no cases of Listeria monocytogenes were reported. Probably in the group in which no agent was isolated, cases of viral meningitis were included.