Analysis of Nanoparticle-Induced DNA Damage by the Comet Assay

Abstract

The rapid and enormous development of nanotechnology has been accompanied by a deep concern for the effects that nanoparticles may have on human health and the environment. In this context, it is essential to assess the ability of nanoparticles to cause DNA damage. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) is widely used for evaluating nanoparticle-induced DNA damage in cells and is the most used assay for genotoxicity testing of nanomaterial. Here, we describe the standard alkaline version of the comet assay, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the lesion-specific enzyme-modified comet assay (for detection of oxidized DNA lesions) to test nanoparticles. We also highlight critical points that need to be taken into consideration when assessing nanomaterial genotoxicity