Relationship between steroid hormone contraceptives and HPV, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma

Abstract

Available data demonstrate an increase in the transcription of high-risk papillomaviruses by the 16α-hydroxylation of estrogens, which is in line with the epidemiologic data showing an increased cervical carcinogenesis risk for long-term contraceptive-using, HPV-infected women. No evidence exists for an increase in HPV-negative contraceptive users. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.