Effective dynamics and fluctuations of a trapped probe moving in a fluid of active hard discs

Abstract

We study the dynamics of a single trapped probe surrounded by self-propelled active particles in two dimensions. In the limit of large size separation, we perform an adiabatic elimination of the small active particles to obtain an effective Markovian dynamics of the large probe, yielding explicit expressions for the mobility and diffusion coefficient. To calculate these expressions, we perform computer simulations employing active Brownian discs and consider two scenarios: non-interacting bath particles and purely repulsive interactions modeling volume exclusion. We keep the probe-to-bath size ratio fixed and vary the propulsion speed of the bath particles. The positional fluctuations of a trapped probe are accessible in experiments, for which we test the prediction from the adiabatic elimination. We find that for a passive bath the Markovian prediction that the integrated force correlations equal the drag coefficient is not fulfilled in the simulations. However, this discrepancy is small compared to the active contribution and the overall agreement between predicted and measured probe fluctuations is very good at larger speeds.