Epidemiology and management of wildlife contacts in an emergency department of French Guiana

Abstract

Context: The rapid population growth and urban expansion into the forests of French Guiana have increased human-wildlife encounters. In the Amazon, wild species are often perceived as hostile, and while serious injuries are rare, these encounters frequently lead to emergency department (ED) visits. This study aims to describe the epidemiology and management of human-wildlife contacts at the Cayenne ED. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2019, including all wildlife contact cases treated at Cayenne Hospital ED. Data on patient context, clinical status, and treatment were collected. Results: In 2019, 402 patients presented to the ED for wildlife-related injuries. The median age was 32 years (16–49), and the M/F ratio was 1.7. Hymenoptera (26%) were the most common cause, followed by unidentified invertebrates (20%), snakes (16%), and scorpions (12%). Most injuries involved the lower limbs (43%). Anaphylaxis occurred in 4% of cases, neurological symptoms in 8%, and digestive issues in another 8%. Biological abnormalities were noted in 15% of patients. Ninety-two cases were classified as severe or at risk of worsening, predominantly involving snakes (49%), insects (42%), and scorpions (9%). Analgesics were given to 33%, antibiotics to 27%, and 11% were hospitalized. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion: In addition to snake and scorpion incidents, this study underscores the high frequency of Hymenoptera encounters. Despite an increase in wildlife contacts, morbidity and mortality remain low.