azakhstan Way of Innovation Clusterization

Abstract

During implementation of the Strategy "Kazakhstan-2030" dynamic economic development allowed the Republic of Kazakhstan increasing the average per capita income more than twice. All the goals of the Strategy "Kazakhstan-2030" have been achieved ahead of schedule. The aim of the new Strategy "Kazakhstan-2050" is entering the country among the 30 most developed countries in the world by 2050. Its achievement will require maintaining high rates of economic growth for a long time. Such basic factors of competitiveness as natural resource endowments, favorable macroeconomic environment and political stability have helped the Republic of Kazakhstan to succeed in socio-economic development and attracting foreign investments today. Kazakhstan Way of Innovation Clusterization …. 675 1. Introduction To maintain high rates of economic growth, the Republic of Kazakhstan needs to implement structural changes in the economy necessary for the transition to a new stage of development. These changes include the active creation of new productive jobs in the manufacturing industry, including through cross-flow of labor from the agricultural sector. Lack of effective public policy in the field of natural resources and revenues from commodities, the high cost of raw materials in the domestic market of Kazakhstan may lead to the possibility of the sector operators to gain excessive profits, upon this limiting the ability of manufacturing sector to develop effectively. Currently manufacturing industry occupies almost the third part in the structure of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the high share of the mining sector provides more than 2.5% of employment and 18% of GVA in the economy. Investments in the fixed assets in the mining industry today represent more than 30% of the total volume, and in the manufacturing industry only 12%. Kazakhstan being the leading exporter of extractive sectors (especially due to the export of crude oil), in terms of per capita exports is ahead of all the CIS countries. However, manufacturing sector exports is relatively low in the Republic of Kazakhstan -approximately twice lower than in Russia. Level of manufacturing industry development was quite low. State program on industrial-innovative development for 2010-2014 (hereinafter -SPIIAD) allowed creating background for the further development of the industrial sector: a system of institutions for development has been established, a number of the necessary legal acts has been adopted, separate tools developed. As a result of SPIIAD implementation a trend has shifted towards improving the manufacturing industry, although it is still relatively low. Manufacturing sector generates less than 7% of employment and 12% of GVA in the country's economy. Employment in manufacturing sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan is lower than in all member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (hereinafter -OECD), and the level of performance is 2 times lower. The Republic of Kazakhstan has been one of the first countries that expressed the need for industrial-innovative development of the economy, with account of the new technologies' importance. Development and launch of SPIIAD was a respond of the country to the challenges generated by the economic crisis. This program has laid the foundation for further industrial growth and is one of the examples of public systems approaches to develop its own industrial base. SPIIAD aim is to ensure sustainable and balanced economic growth through diversification and increase of its competitiveness. SPIIAD has become one of crisis management tools to support the industry during the global financial crisis.