Wildlife diversity of Malagufuk Forest for sustainable ecotourism and community-based forest management in Southwest Papua, Indonesia

Abstract

Malagufuk Forest in West Papua, Indonesia, is a biodiversity hotspot supporting various endemic and endangered wildlife species. However, threats such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation endanger ecological integrity. This study aims to assess faunal diversity, analyze habitat relationships, and explore sustainable management strategies integrating conservation and ecotourism. Field surveys were conducted using direct observations, camera traps, mist nets, and structured community int erviews. Species diversity was analyzed to determine richness and distribution, and qualitative assessments of habitat preferences were performed. The study also examined the socio-economic impact of ecotourism on local communities and its role in conservation efforts. Results revealed a high diversity of avian, mammalian, amphibian, and reptilian species, including five species of birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae) and other key fauna such as cassowaries (Casuarius unappendiculatus) and cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus). Bird diversity was closely linked to forest cover, with denser vegetation supporting higher species richness. Similarly, the diversity of mammals and herpetofauna was influenced by habitat structure and minimal human disturbance. Community engagement in ecotourism has contributed positively to conservation awareness and provided alternative livelihood opportunities. Next, to ensure long-term sustainability, conservation strategies should include habitat zoning, controlled ecotourism, and community-based monitoring. Strengthening local participation through education and capacity-building initiatives is crucial for preserving the biodiversity of Malagufuk Forest. Future research should focus on long-term ecological monitoring and the expansion of conservation-driven tourism models. This study highlights the potential of ecotourism as a viable approach to sustainable forest management while promoting biodiversity conservation and local economic development.