Physical exercise improves heart‐rate variability in obese children and adolescents: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity has negative impact on heart‐rate variability (HRV) and, thereby, on the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents. Thus, physical‐exercise interventions were proposed to increase HRV. The present systematic review aims to provide an up‐to‐date analysis of research on the effect of physical‐exercise interventions on HRV in obese children and adolescents. Methods: An electronic search of the literature was performed, and 10 articles were included. PRISMA guideline methodology was employed. Results: Physical‐exercise interventions predominantly involved aerobic training; however, alternative training programs, including judo or recreational soccer, were found. The duration of intervention ranged from 6 to 24 weeks, with a training frequency of between 2 and 7 times per week. The duration of sessions typically ranged from 40 to 60 min. Conclusions: Results of the included articles indicated that physical‐exercise intervention increased the HRV and thereby the autonomic modulation of obese children and adolescents. This is significant, as HRV is associated with cardiovascular health. Such physical‐exercise interventions are crucial to reduce weight and improve cardiovascular health in children and adolescents, thereby achieving a sustainable future.