The Evolution of Red-light Running Behaviours among Two-Wheel Vehicles: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Traffic violations like RLR are not only dangerous but are also a leading cause of accidents and injuries worldwide. This research seeks to deepen the understanding of why these behaviours occur, with the ultimate goal of improving road safety and promoting sustainable, safer urban transportation systems. By reviewing existing literature from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, this study mapped out three main themes—influence and risk, intention and perception, and intervention and prediction—along with eleven sub-themes related to RLR behaviours. These themes capture the complex factors influencing RLR, such as individual perceptions of risk, societal norms, and the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing these dangerous behaviours. This study also highlights the diverse methods researchers use to investigate RLR, from behavioural analysis to predictive modelling, which offering a comprehensive view of the issue. Recognizing the ongoing challenges in this area of research, this study calls for continued debate and exploration, especially in the context of scoping studies and other literature review methods, to better inform policy and intervention strategies that can make roads safer for all road users. This study contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by exploring the critical issue of red-light running (RLR) among riders of two-wheeled vehicles, such as motorcyclists, bicyclists, and e-bikers.