Evaluation of the Impacts of Discharged wastewater on the water quality of the Tigris River in Baghdad City

Abstract

Twenty-four water samples were collected from the Tigris River inside Baghdad city and close to the sewage pipes for the winter seasons in October 2022 and the summer seasons in May 2023 to assess the pollution of the Tigris River water. The study included analyzing the physical and chemical properties and studying the concentrations of some heavy elements (iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, cadmium, and lead). Tigris River samples are characterized during the winter as light alkaline, fresh water, highly mineralized and sodium sulphate type. Water samples during the summer are characterized by light alkalinity, fresh water, high mineralization, and calcium chloride type. River water evaluated for irrigation purposes showed that the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) had no harmful effects on sodium, and dissolved sodium (Na%). In the winter period, all surface water samples are within the permissible limits, While all surface water samples in the summer period are good irrigation water. In terms of (TDS) and (EC), all surface water samples are For two good periods and within the permissible limits for the quality of irrigation water, the results of heavy metals during the summer season showed contamination of surface water samples with cadmium and lead, while water samples during the summer season were characterized by contamination of their water with copper, iron and zinc elements that were outside the permissible limit for the next health organization Global(WHO).