An effect of micro-threaded design of implant neck on stress distribution to improve the survival rate of dental implants

Abstract

Dental implants have been a popular choice due to their increasingsurvival rate of implantation in the field of dentistry. The survival rate of implants is influenced by various parameters such as implant design, implant stability, osseointegration and fatigue life of the implant. Among these parameters, implant geometry plays a vital role. The design of implant neckwith and without micro-thread is an important consideration in implant design. Since the stresses developed along the implant-bone interface are concentrated near the implant neck, these stresses result into peri-implant bone loss. Hence, geometrical modifications of the implant neck design with and without micro-thread at neck region are being reviewed. In this paper, the effect of micro-threads on the implant neck for effective stress distribution at the interface region is studied by reviewing existing literature. Micro-threaded implants have been proven to increase bone growth, primary stability, the bone-implant contact percentage and provide better stress distribution. These implants also help in preserving the marginal bone as compared to the conventional implant neck designs. However, micro-threads may have certain disadvantages depending on the bone conditions and patient's lifestyle habits. Hence, a few recommendations are enlisted to help select cases where micro-threads will prove to be useful.