Nigella Sativa Supplementation Modulates Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Intense physical exercise can lead to oxidative stress and inflammation, which may impair muscle recovery and athletic performance. Nigella Sativa (N. sativa) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, however, limited studies have examined its effects on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers post-exercise. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the impact of N. sativa supplementation on malondialdehyde (MDA) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels following eccentric exercise. Forty-two recreationally active males (aged 18–21 years) were randomly assigned to either the N. sativa group (500 mg/day, n=21) or the placebo group (starch capsules, n=21) for 28 days. After supplementation, participants performed a standardized eccentric step-down protocol to induce muscle damage, and blood samples were collected at three time points: pre-exercise (T0), immediately post-exercise (T1), and 24 hours post-exercise (T2). MDA and HMGB1 levels significantly increased post-exercise (T1) in both groups (p<0.001); however, the N. sativa group exhibited significantly lower MDA and HMGB1 levels compared to the placebo group at T1 and T2 (p<0.001). These findings suggest that N. sativa supplementation may play a protective role against exercise-induced muscle damage by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Further research is warranted to explore long-term effects and optimal dosages in athletic populations.