Certification for Solar Panel Reuse: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sector Practices and Gaps

Abstract

This systematic literature review examines the development of a conceptual certification framework for solar panel reuse, positioned within the broader context of the circular economy. It emphasizes sustainable production and consumption in response to the climate crisis and resource depletion. This review was conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar, following a structured search strategy. A final set of 63 sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and gray literature recommended by domain experts, were selected to analyze existing certification frameworks across various sectors, focusing on their relevance to solar panel reuse. Key aspects of product reuse such as safety, quality, and technical standards are explored, highlighting the unique challenges associated with the long lifespans and environmental exposure of solar panels. Through this analysis, this study reveals the core elements vital for an effective certification framework. While structured certification frameworks are essential for sustainability, empirical evidence on their effectiveness in the solar panel reuse remains scarce, and regulatory inconsistencies add complexity. Using established practices in electronics, batteries, and other high-liability sectors as an anchor, the proposed framework, emerging from this systematic review, aims to extend solar panels’ lifecycle, contributing to environmental sustainability and socio-economic equity. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers by addressing key certification gaps and identifying future research directions in solar panel reuse standardization.