Evaluación de las propiedades físicas de dos rocas carbonáticas usadas como material de construcción actual e histórico en Andalucía Oriental, España

Abstract

We present a detailed characterization of two calcareous stones from Andalusia (Southern Spain), namely Escúzar calcarenite and Olivillo travertine. Both materials can replace two stones extensively used in the architectural heritage of Andalusia, i.e. La Escribana calcarenite and Alfacar travertine. To establish the suitability of the replacement of ancient materials, detailed examination was performed. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, optical and scanning electron microscopy, hydric tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry, gas adsorption, ultrasounds and colorimetry were applied. The Escúzar calcarenite has large pore cavities and higher open porosity than La Escribana calcarenite. From a chromatic point of view both calcarenites are rather similar. The Olivillo travertine is a massive well cemented and heterogeneously colored rock. The ultrasounds velocities for this material are very homogeneous and elevated, indicating excellent mechanical properties. However the hydric and chromatic differences between both travertines point to reduced adequacy of Olivillo travertine as substitutive material for Alfacar.