Microwave Hydrodistillation of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) Seed Essential Oil Using Box-Behnken Design

Abstract

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is a unique Indonesian spice that grows in North Sumatra. It has the potential to be the material source of essential oil. Andaliman essential oil has not available as a market commodity yet or still in the research extent where even the study of it is limited. This research has carried out the extraction of essential oil through one of the advanced extraction processes, namely microwave hydrodistillation. The experiment was designed using Box-Behnken to obtain an equation model of its process extraction. In this study, the effects of extraction parameters, such as microwave power, F/S ratio, and extraction time, were analyzed. From this research, a reduced quadratic model was obtained that could represent the extraction of andaliman essential oil using microwave hydrodistillation, where all three parameters had a significant effect on the yield of andaliman oil. Besides, the optimization of the model obtained the optimum condition of the andaliman essential oil extraction process. Also, the analysis of the sample product revealed that it was miscible in alcohol and had a relative density value of 0.8861 gr/ml (20°C). The main components of the sample consisted of dl-limonene, geranyl acetate, carvone, and citronella.