Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural in a Proton Exchange Membrane Reactor Using Hybrid Pd/Pd Black on Alumina

Abstract

Conventional thermocatalytic hydrogenation employs high temperatures and pressures and often exhibits low selectivity toward desired products. Electrochemical hydrogenation can reduce energy input by operating at ambient conditions and improving process control and selectivity; however, electrocatalysts face stability and conductivity limitations. To overcome these obstacles, we physically mixed a traditional electrocatalyst (Pd black) with a hydrogenation‐active metal (Pd) supported on a conventional metal oxide support (alumina, Al 2 O 3 ) and investigated electrochemical hydrogenation of furfural, a model biomass compound. Experiments were conducted in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) reactor, in which synthesized electrocatalysts were used as cathodes. Catalysts with Pd black and varying loadings of Pd on Al 2 O 3 were used to determine the impact of hydrogen spillover on electrocatalytic hydrogenation mechanisms, selectivity, and rates. Observed hydrogenation rates and selectivities were linked to structural and compositional properties of the catalyst mixtures. Of the Pd black cathodes tested, 5 wt % Pd/Al 2 O 3 exhibited production rates as high as pure Pd black and higher selectivity towards completely hydrogenated products. Improved selectivity and rates were attributed to a synergistic interaction between Pd black and 5 wt % Pd/Al 2 O 3 in which Pd/Al 2 O 3 increased the number of active sites, while Pd black provided stable conductivity.