Evaluation of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in Cardiac Inpatients at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are a significant concern among cardiac inpatients, potentially impacting therapeutic outcomes and patient safety. Early identification and management of potential DDIs are crucial in preventing adverse events, especially in complex treatment regimens. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and clinical relevance of potential DDIs among cardiac inpatients at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, observational study design that was conducted over 6 months among cardiac inpatients receiving multiple medications to analyze the incidence of DDIs in patients treated in the cardiology department. Patient data, including demographic details, diagnosis, and prescribed medications, were collected and analyzed. Potential DDIs were identified using standard drug interaction databases, and their severity was classified into minor, moderate, and major categories. Results: The occurrence of DDIs was observed to be higher in male patients compared to female patients and was more prevalent in individuals aged 51–70 years. Minor to moderate DDIs were more frequently detected than severe interactions. Additionally, pharmacodynamic interactions were more common than pharmacokinetic interactions. Conclusion: Potential DDIs are common among cardiac inpatients, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring. Involving clinical pharmacists and individualized medication management, especially for elderly patients, can minimize risks, ensuring better patient safety, effective treatment outcomes, and optimized pharmacodynamic interaction management.