The Discovery of a Faint Glow of Scattered Sunlight from the Dust Trail of the Leonid Parent Comet 55P/Tempel‐Tuttle

Abstract

A meteoric cloud is the faint glow of sunlight scattered by small meteoroids in the dust trail along the orbit of a comet as seen by an earthbound observer. While these clouds were previously only known from anecdotes of past meteor storms, we now report the detection of a meteoric cloud by modern techniques in the direction of the dust trail of comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, the parent of the Leonid meteor stream. Our photometric observations, performed on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, reveal the cloud as a local enhancement in sky brightness during the Leonid shower in 1998. The radius of the trail, deduced from the spatial extent of the cloud, is approximately 0.01 AU and is consistent with the spatial extent mapped out by historic accounts of meteor storms. The brightness of the cloud is approximately D2%È3% of the background zodiacal light and cannot be explained by simple model calculations based on the zenith hourly rate and population index of the meteor stream in 1998. If the typical size of cloud particles is 10 km and the albedo is 0.1, the brightness translates into a number density of 1.2 ] 10~10 m~3. The meteoroid cloud would be the product of the whole dust trail and not only the part that was crossed in 1998.