Toxicity test of Kameng (Eclipta prostrate Linn.) and Kradhuawean (Spilanthes acmella (Linn.) Murr.) to early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

The toxicity of Kameng (Eclipta prostrate Linn.) and Kradhuawean (Spilanthes acmella (Linn.) Murr.) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos was investigated. An aqueous crude extract of the leaves of each plant was tested with newly spawned embryos in 96 well plates. The observed effect was based on the toxicity endpoint composed of lethal, sublethal and malformation effects appearing at 24, 48 and 144 hours post-fertilization (hpf). The results suggest that the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) for a lethal and sublethal effect of Eclipta prostrate Linn. at 48 hpf were 1% and 0.1% while the no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) for the lethal and sublethal effects of the plants at 48 hpf were 0.01% and 0.1%, respectively. LOEC for malformation and sublethal effects of Spilanthes acmella Linn. Murr. at 48 hpf were 20% and 10% while NOEC for lethal, malformation and sublethal effects of S. acmella Linn. Murr. at 48 hpf were 20%, 10% and 1%, respectively. There was no lethal effect observable in the highest concentration test to the embryo at 20% of Spilanthes acmella Linn. Murr.