Biodiversity analysis of spontaneously fermented Garcinia mangostana pericarp: From laboratory scale to pilot scale

Abstract

Biodiversity analysis was carried out on Garcinia mangostana pericarp (GMP) which underwent spontaneous fermentation. Population dynamic was carried out using the plating method while genotyping employed gene sequencing of 16S rDNA (bacteria) and 5.8S-Internally Transcribed Spacer (5.8S-ITS) rDNA (yeasts). Throughout 90-day fermentation in 5-L fermenter (laboratory scale) ecosystem, the prevalence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast were indicated by their viable cell counts at 103 to 104 colony forming unit per ml (CFU/mL) on MRS medium and 103 to 107 CFU/mL on PDA medium respectively, while the prevalence of LAB and yeasts in 50-L fermenter (pilot scale) ecosystem were marked by 103 to 107 CFU/mL and 102 to 105 CFU/mL on the respective medium. Complete inhibition of enterobacteriaceae population conferred a microbiological safety of the fermented GMP. Genotyping of isolates revealed Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in 5-L fermenter ecosystem, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were isolated from 50-L fermenter ecosystem. Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis were amongst probiotic species isolated from 5-L and 50-L ecosystems respectively, whereas Saccharomycetaceae yeasts were ubiquitous in both ecosystems.