Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: Data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network registry

Abstract

Aim: To determine low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) screening frequency and levels, and factors associated with elevated LDL-C, in Australasian youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Data were extracted from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN), a prospective clinical quality registry, on all T1D healthcare visits attended by young people aged 16–25 years (with T1D duration of >1 year) between January 2011 and December 2020. The primary outcomes were elevated LDL-C > 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and threshold for treatment: >3.4 mmol/L (130 mg/dL), according to consensus guidelines. Multivariable Generalised Estimated Equations (GEE) were used to examine factors associated with elevated LDL-C across all visits. Results: A cohort of 6338 young people (52.6% men) were identified, of whom 1603 (25.3%) had ≥1 LDL-C measurement documented. At last measurement, mean age, age at T1D diagnosis and T1D duration were 18.3 ± 2.4, 8.8 ± 4.5 and 8.9 ± 4.8 years, respectively. LDL-C was elevated in 737 (46.0%) and at the treatment threshold in 250 (15.6%). In multivariable GEE elevated LDL-C continuously was associated with older age (OR = 0.07; 0.01–0.13, p = 0.02), female sex (OR = 0.31; 0.18–0.43; p < 0.001), higher HbA1c (OR = 0.04; 0.01–0.08; p = 0.01) and having an elevated BMI (OR = 0.17, 0.06–0.39, p < 0.001). Conclusions: LDL-C screening and levels are suboptimal in this cohort, increasing future cardiovascular complication risk. There is an urgent need to understand how healthcare services can support improved screening and management of dyslipidaemia in this population.