Ultrasound-assisted preparation of ZnO nanostructures: Understanding the effect of operating parameters

Abstract

The present work deals with the use of ultrasound atomization for the preparation of zinc oxide nanostructures. The focus of the work is to understand the effect of different operating parameters, such as ultrasonic power dissipation, flow rate, concentration, and surface tension, on the final particle morphology obtained during the synthesis. The prepared nanostructures were observed under scanning electron microscope to understand the morphology of the synthesized nanostructures. It was established that the final characteristics of the nanostructures, in terms of shape and size, can be effectively controlled by controlling flow rate, precursor concentration, surface tension, and ultrasonic power dissipation. The droplet size was found to increase with an increase in the flow rate of an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate, ultrasonic power, and decrease in the loading of surfactant (polyvinylpyrrolidone). The present work has clearly established the utility of ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles with clear evidence for obtaining desired characteristics based on controlled application.