Healthcare simulation and contextually relevant primary care training curricula in Africa

Abstract

Healthcare simulation has emerged as a powerful educational strategy for primary care clinician training across Africa. Simulation-based learning, ranging from high-fidelity manikins to standardised patient scenarios; enables safe, hands-on practice of clinical skills tailored to local health priorities. In undergraduate, postgraduate, and in-service settings, simulation is being used to strengthen competencies in managing common and emergency conditions without risk to patients. This article explores how simulation pedagogy contributes to contextually relevant curricula for Primary Health Care (PHC), highlighting examples of successful programmes in African countries. We discuss the evidence of improved skills, teamwork, and patient outcomes from simulation-based training, alongside the challenges of cost, faculty development, and resource constraints. Innovative solutions such as low-cost simulators, in situ training, and international partnerships are reviewed. Contribution: With growing support from frameworks such as the World Health Organization and national initiatives, simulation offers adaptable, feasible, and pedagogically rich approaches to train competent primary care providers in diverse African contexts.