SN2019dge: A Helium-rich Ultra-stripped Envelope Supernova

Abstract

We present observations of ZTF18abfcmjw (SN2019dge), a helium-rich supernova with a fast-evolving light curve indicating an extremely low ejecta mass (≈0.33 M ⊙ ) and low kinetic energy (≈1.3 × 10 50 erg). Early-time (<4 days after explosion) photometry reveals evidence of shock cooling from an extended helium-rich envelope of ∼0.1 M ⊙ located ∼1.2 × 10 13 cm from the progenitor. Early-time He II line emission and subsequent spectra show signatures of interaction with helium-rich circumstellar material, which extends from ≳5 × 10 13 cm to ≳2 × 10 16 cm. We interpret SN2019dge as a helium-rich supernova from an ultra-stripped progenitor, which originates from a close binary system consisting of a mass-losing helium star and a low-mass main-sequence star or a compact object (i.e., a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole). We infer that the local volumetric birth rate of 19dge-like ultra-stripped SNe is in the range of 1400–8200 Gpc − 3 yr − 1 (i.e., 2%–12% of core-collapse supernova rate). This can be compared to the observed coalescence rate of compact neutron star binaries that are not formed by dynamical capture.