Exploring Profiles of Adolescent Contributions: A Person-Centered Approach Within the 7C Model of Positive Youth Development

Abstract

Despite growing calls to foster civic engagement among adolescents in the United States, many youths remain disengaged. While previous research has examined the types and benefits of civic activities, less is known about diverse contribution patterns and their links to demographics. This study examines the heterogeneity of adolescents’ contribution behaviors and associations with demographic variables, PYD, purpose, hope, and critical consciousness. The sample included 723 U.S. adolescents (average age = 15.76, SD = 1.22; 54.9% female/non-binary). Latent Profile Analysis identified four profiles: Less-engaged, Digital Advocates (high online, low offline), Local Helpers (high interpersonal helping), and Contributors (high across all domains). Chi-square and ANOVA revealed no significant age, gender, or race/ethnicity differences, but socioeconomic status was higher among Contributors and Local Helpers. PYD, purpose, hope, and critical consciousness varied, with more engaged groups reporting higher levels. Findings underscore the multifaceted nature of contribution and opportunities to support diverse civic engagement.