Prevalence and associated factors of comorbidities among hypertensive patients in Northwest Ethiopia, 2024

Abstract

Background: Hypertension frequently coexists with chronic conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and obesity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of comorbidities among hypertensive patients in northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A multi-centered, institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among 423 randomly selected hypertensive patients. Data was collected through structured interviews and physical assessments. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant associations, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of comorbidities among hypertensive patients was 30.5% (95% CI: 26.2–34.8%). The most common comorbidities were chronic kidney disease (10.9%), diabetes mellitus (9%), dyslipidemia (7.5%), and obesity (3.1%). Factors significantly associated with comorbidity included age ≥ 65 years (AOR = 1.77), hypertension duration ≥ 5 years (AOR = 1.99), alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.93), and physical inactivity (AOR = 1.9). Conclusion: Nearly one-third of hypertensive patients had at least one comorbid condition. The findings underscore the importance of early detection, integrated care, and targeted interventions, which are supported by enhanced diagnostic services, health worker training, and public awareness. Further longitudinal and community-based studies are recommended to explore causality and broader impacts.