Impacts of probiotics on feeding technology and its application in aquaculture

Abstract

Probiotic is a useful microorganism that directly or indirectly used to protect the host ani- mal against pathogens. The bacterial pathogens are becoming more and more resistant to antimicrobial drugs, pesticides, and disinfectants that are used in aquatic disease control and high growth of production. For this reason, the probiotics study in aquaculture is a rising demand to ensure eco-friendly sustainable aquaculture as an alternative to antibiot- ics. The advantages of such probiotics enhance feed value, enzymatic stimulation in the digestive system, and reverse habitat for pathogens, influence anti-mutagenic activity, and improved immune response. The research of probiotics in gut microbiota of aquatic animals has not characterized adequately, and their impact on the environment is not widely deliberated. The impact on enzyme activity related to the fish metabolism system should be well-identified by further study. The application and the bio-security of probi- otics in fish should be properly evaluated. The farmer should have a brief knowledge about the probiotics organism and should be careful during applying to the culture field.