Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance: An Overview

Abstract

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a significant challenge in clinical practice and public health, contributing to morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. Pharmacovigilance plays a critical role in identifying, evaluating, and mitigating the risks associated with ADRs, thereby enhancing patient safety and drug efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, mechanisms, and clinical implications of ADRs, along with a detailed exploration of pharmacovigilance systems worldwide. Emphasis is placed on the need for proactive pharmacovigilance, the role of healthcare professionals, and recent advancements in ADR reporting technologies