Reliability of Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics in Collegiate Athletes Compared to Recreationally Active Individuals

Abstract

As neuromuscular performance assessment has become a fundamental component of athlete monitoring, ensuring strong measurement reliability is essential for supporting accurate data-driven decision-making. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to examine the reliability of countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) force-time metrics obtained using a portable force plate system (Hawkin Dynamics) and (ii) to determine whether absolute and relative reliability scores differ between well-trained individuals (i.e., athletes) and those less familiar with CMJ force-plate testing (i.e., non-athletes). Seventy-four participants volunteered to take part in this investigation, of whom thirty-nine were NCAA Division-I baseball and track-and-field athletes and thirty-five age-matched non-athletes with no prior CMJ testing experience on force plates. After performing a standardized dynamic warm-up, participants performed three CMJs without arm swing while standing on a dual uniaxial force plate system sampling at 1000 Hz. Each jump trial was separated by a 30 s rest interval. Absolute and relative reliability were assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The results revealed that 75% of the variables demonstrated excellent reliability. Specifically, absolute (CV < 10%) and relative (ICC > 0.750) reliability values were good to excellent for most force-time metrics of interest, including braking and propulsive phase duration, peak braking force, average propulsive power, reactive strength index-modified, countermovement depth, and jump height. In contrast, average and peak landing force and inter-limb asymmetry measures during the braking and propulsive phases displayed moderate to good reliability, whereas asymmetry-related variables during the landing phase exhibited poor reliability. In addition, athletes demonstrated lower CV and greater ICC across most metrics compared to non-athletes.